Medlar: The Forgotten Fruit with a Rich History and Unique Flavor

The Enigmatic Medlar: A Journey Through History and Horticulture

The medlar, Mespilus germanica, is a fruit tree steeped in history and folklore, offering a unique flavor experience often overlooked in modern fruit consumption. Once a staple in European gardens and kitchens, the medlar has gradually faded from prominence, yet it retains a dedicated following among those who appreciate its unusual characteristics and rich cultural significance. This article delves into the fascinating world of the medlar, exploring its origins, cultivation, flavor profile, culinary uses, and potential health benefits.

A Glimpse into Medlar's Past

The medlar boasts a lineage stretching back millennia, with evidence suggesting its cultivation as early as the Roman era. Its name, Mespilus germanica, while suggesting a German origin, is somewhat misleading. The medlar's true origins are believed to lie in Southeastern Europe and Asia Minor. The Romans were instrumental in spreading the medlar throughout their empire, and it became a common sight in gardens across Europe during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. The fruit features prominently in historical texts and art, appearing in the works of Shakespeare, Chaucer, and many others, reflecting its cultural importance during these periods.

During the 17th and 18th centuries, the medlar gradually declined in popularity as more exotic and easily palatable fruits became available. However, it never entirely disappeared, and recent years have seen a renewed interest in this "forgotten fruit," driven by a desire for culinary exploration and a connection to historical foodways.

Growing the Medlar Tree: A Guide for Gardeners

Cultivating medlar trees can be a rewarding experience for gardeners seeking something unique and resilient. Medlars are relatively hardy trees, tolerant of a range of soil types and climates. They thrive in well-drained soil and prefer a sunny location, although they can tolerate partial shade. Medlar trees are generally self-fertile, meaning they do not require a second tree for pollination. However, planting multiple trees can increase fruit production.

Planting is best done in the autumn or winter when the tree is dormant. Regular pruning is essential to maintain the tree's shape and encourage fruit production. Medlar trees are relatively pest and disease resistant, making them a low-maintenance option for the home garden.

Varieties of Medlar

Several varieties of medlar are available, each with slightly different characteristics. Some popular varieties include:

• 'Nottingham': A reliable and productive variety, known for its good flavor.
• 'Royal': A French variety with large, flavorful fruit.
• 'Dutch Medlar': Known for its large fruit size.
• 'Breda Giant': Another variety producing large fruits.

The Unique Flavor Profile of Medlar

The medlar's most distinctive characteristic is its unique flavor, which develops only after a process called "bletting." Unlike most fruits, medlars are not palatable when freshly picked. They are rock-hard and astringent. Bletting involves allowing the fruit to soften and partially decay, a process that transforms its flavor and texture.

To blet medlars, the fruits are harvested in late autumn after the first frost. They are then stored in a cool, dry place, typically on a bed of straw or in a single layer on trays. Over several weeks, the fruit will soften and turn a deep brown color. The flesh will become a soft, slightly mushy consistency. The flavor of a properly bletted medlar is often described as a combination of apple butter, spiced cider, and a hint of caramel. Some detect notes of dates or even brandy.

Culinary Uses of Medlar

Medlars can be used in a variety of culinary applications. The most common preparation is medlar cheese or jelly, which perfectly captures the fruit's unique flavor and can be enjoyed on toast, crackers, or with cheese. Medlar fruit can also be used to make jams, chutneys, and sauces. Some chefs incorporate medlar puree into cakes, tarts, and other desserts.

Medlar paste is a traditional accompaniment to game meats, offering a sweet and tangy counterpoint to the rich flavors. In some regions, medlars are even used to flavor alcoholic beverages, such as liqueurs and wines.

A Simple Medlar Jelly Recipe

Here's a basic recipe to introduce you to the world of medlar jelly:

• 1 kg medlars, washed
• Water to cover
• Granulated sugar (approximately 450g per 600ml of strained juice)
• Lemon juice (optional, to taste)

Instructions:

1. Place the medlars in a large saucepan and cover with water.
2. Bring to a boil, then reduce heat and simmer for about 45 minutes, or until the fruit is soft.
3. Strain the fruit through a jelly bag or muslin cloth, collecting the juice in a clean bowl. Do not squeeze the bag, as this will make the jelly cloudy.
4. Measure the strained juice. For e 600ml of juice, add approximately 450g of granulated sugar.
5. Pour the juice and sugar into a clean saucepan and bring to a boil over medium heat, stirring until the sugar dissolves.
6. Continue to boil rapidly until the setting point is reached. This can be tested by placing a spoonful of jelly on a cold plate and allowing it to cool. If it forms a skin, it is ready.
7. Skim off any scum from the surface of the jelly.
8. Add lemon juice to taste, if desired.
9. Pour the jelly into sterilized jars and seal.

Potential Health Benefits of Medlar

While research on the health benefits of medlars is limited, the fruit is known to be a good source of dietary fiber, which is essential for digestive health. Medlars also contain various vitamins and minerals, including vitamin C, potassium, and calcium. Some studies suggest that medlars may have antioxidant properties, which could help protect against cell damage. Traditionally, medlars have been used in folk medicine for various ailments, including digestive problems and inflammation.

Further research is needed to fully understand the potential health benefits of medlars, but their nutritional profile suggests they may be a valuable addition to a healthy diet.

The Medlar's Resurgence: A Fruit Worth Rediscovering

The medlar, once a common sight in European gardens, is experiencing a resurgence in popularity among food enthusiasts and gardeners alike. Its unique flavor, rich history, and relatively easy cultivation make it a fascinating fruit to explore. Whether you are a seasoned gardener looking for a new challenge or a culinary adventurer seeking a unique taste experience, the medlar offers a journey into a world of forgotten flavors and historical foodways. So, consider adding this enigmatic fruit to your garden or seeking it out at farmers' markets – you might just discover your new favorite fruit.